Millennials: How Altruistic Are They?

This week, I am invited to deliver a presentation on "Using Social Media to Connect with the Most Connected Generation" for the Association of Professional Fundraisers. My thinking was that this would be an easy topic, Social Media + Civic-minded Millennials = Golden Opportunity. It hasn't turned out quite that way.

Sure, I knew from our research among young alumni of several colleges that getting them to part with money when they have so many other demands on their resources (college loans, mobile phone bills, lattes) isn't easy. They tend to prefer causes that are close to home, emotionally and physically and they want to have a say about how the money should be used. Volunteer rates are sky high with 85% of high school students participating in volunteer activities. What I didn't know is that they are notorious difficult to motivate to donate MONEY. Need evidence? Despite average incomes of $29K, only one-third of Millennials gave $100 or more to charity in 2008 (BLB, Yankelovich Monitor, 2008).

Online giving also appears to have its issues. Research by Target Analytics, a unit of software-provider Blackbaud says 58% of non-profits use the Internet for fundraising. Yet when it analyzed data for twelve organizations, they discovered people who go online to donate to a charity for the first time, such as after a disaster, often do not return to make additional gifts. Of those who do, 37 percent never made another gift via the Interne and instead favor other channels for giving.

An article in the Washington Post, 4.22.09 titled "To Non-profits seeking cash, Facebook App Not So Green", reported these discouraging facts about charitable giving on Facebook:

"More than 25 million of Facebook’s 200 million worldwide members have signed on as supporters of at least one cause, making it the third-most popular of the more than 52,000 applications on the site …

But just 185,000 members have ever contributed through the site.

The median gift through Causes is $25.

The majority of Causes’ participants have received no donations through the site.

Fewer than 50 of the 179,000 groups on Causes have raised $10,000

Despite this discouraging news, I think social media offers great promise for non-profits seeking to engage Gen Y in their cause. They grew up with the Internet and will expect social community features on non-profit web sites. Non-profits that develop strategies for engaging them now will have an important edge in the future, when they are less economically pressed and more willing to donate money. Meanwhile, organizations can use a social networking community to keep Millennials involved and encourage them to actively participate in other ways, which may even lead to cash down the road.

Tomorrow: Strategies for Using Social Media to Engage Millennials in Non-Profit Communities.

Marketing to Millennials in a Recession

At first it was 'a financial crisis' but now everyone calls it a 'recession'. With only 19.7% of new college grads who apply for jobs getting them and 65% moving into Mom's basement, the reality of the 'new frugality' has finally settled in with Millennials. However, new research from JWT (see chart) shows, the recession hasn't yet affected spending across the board. For adults 18-29, some things are indispensible (Internet), others less critical (dining out), and some are completely forgettable (magazines).

Marketing to Millennials now is not fundamentally different from any other time, because Gen Y has always considered itself cash strapped. (I am always amused to hear my students complain about how poor they are). Now, as they graduate and get jobs, Millennials continue to see themselves as careful shoppers, even as they outspend other generations on everything from cell phones to wine. They wouldn't think of making a major purchase without careful and exhaustive research, online and via word of mouth. One of my favorite Gen Y blog posts declared that if you are not Gen Y, you probably overpaid.

With money dearer now, and the tools for discovering preferences of friends becoming ever more accessible and powerful, I expect they will become even more careful in the future.

Of course, it's not just Millennials who are affected. According to new IRI research, the recession has created what they call the "Downturn Generation", a "new generation of Americans adopting practices similar to Depression-era shoppers, implemented both to weather the recession and to keep a close eye on spending long after the recession ends." The strategies characteristic of this 'new generation' sound a lot like practices Millennials have been implementing for years. Here's a sample:

"Consumers are becoming more resourceful and strategic when planning their purchases for meals, wardrobe, home and automobile maintenance and personal care. New approaches identified include consumers turning to the plethora of information available on the Internet to help prepare for purchases, clip online coupons and research reviews, commentary and opinions on products and services before making a purchasing decision. In fact, more than 44 percent of shoppers are using online resources to find coupons today, and 55 percent of them plan to continue this practice into the future."

How do we market to a generation of tight wads who are programmed to avoid impulse shopping? Very carefully.

According to the JWT study, "77 percent of young adults, people18-29, feel nervous and anxious about the impact of the recession."

Extra reassurance is needed for each decision, and that reassurance will be trusted most if it comes from a friend or neutral party. The key is to make sure they find the right information, not necessarily make your brand per se the go to source for the information. In other words, it’s very important to allow them to market to each other. Information is a form of social currency. Give Millennials information they value and they will share it with their friends. According to the article mentioned above, authored by Northwestern Medill Journalism student, Inyoung Hwang, here's how it could work in video games:

Morris Levy, senior at the University of New Hampshire, said even if a new product like a video game sparked his interest, he would hold off on purchasing it until he understood it better. “I’d look into it more – look at reviews online, ratings from different companies and news sources,” he said. Gary Rudman, the president of GTR Consulting, a market research firm, said video game companies will sometimes provide free clips of games to websites like IGN Entertainment. It’s a simple but successful word-of-mouth strategy that allows young people to feel like they’re finding things on their own and then talk to friends about it. “It doesn’t feel like a marketer is forcing something down your throat,” he said. “You’ve gone to a place to find it, you’ve discovered it, and you share it with the world.” Very successful brands understand there’s nothing better than having something “bubble up from the bottom,” according to Rudman.

Music and movie marketers have used this approach to reach Gen Y for years. If it is that effective for entertainment, imagine how powerful it could be for restaurants, wine, automobiles, financial services, higher education, and more.

Word of Mouth: Millennials Talk About Social Media

Over past few weeks the buzz about social media, and especially Twitter, has outbuzzed the loudest of buzz campaigns. Much of the noise seems to originate from marketers. According to Pete Blackshaw (Ad Age, 3.11.09), “nearly 30,000 Twitter users self-identify as marketers. Nearly 8,500 use the term "PR," and another 8,000 use the term "social media."

With so many marketers talking about marketing to other marketers, we wondered, ‘is anyone else really listening?’ To get beyond the marketing hype, we conducted two online focus groups to see what Millennials think of social media. We confirmed that they are not as gaga for Twitter as marketers -- just half use Twitter despite our efforts to include tweeters in the groups. And those that do were still figuring it out, although we had one enthusiast.

“I have yet to get a twitter, but I'm on the fence with it”.—Andrew A

“Twitter for news and deals, facebook for friends, I read digg to laugh at what people think is an important news article. Though I don't tweet enough.” – Dustin H

“I haven't gotten into twitter yet. I'm afraid of it. I am afraid it will consume me.” – Justin D

“I have not ventured into the land of twitter yet.” – Courtney S

“I'm a little frightened to use Twitter... it's like, should everyone know exactly what I'm doing all the time?” – Mike G

Millennials define social media very broadly as anyting where you interact with other people. That includes message boards, text messaging, Skype, and blogs in addition to Facebook, YouTube, Flickr and Twitter. It even includes Amazon Reviews and video games.

“Social media is that media that connects you socially with friends mainly and some family. it makes it social because a large percentage of your friends relative and colleagues use it too.” – Courtney S

“facebook - friends, twitter - interesting people/networking, linkedin - ponzi scheme (I don't think real networking happens this way)… I agree with Chris--amazon reviews are def social media and have big pull on influencing my purchase decisions – Dan S

“Facebook, it's learning about culture and stuff through visiting the personal profiles of people in your area, or who you know.” – Kelsey L

“When I think of social media I think of points of view… social media is media that illicits me to talk, not just take in info.” – Ben T

Instant messaging seems to have fallen into disuse, a victim of text messaging.

“I used to use AIM all the time, but I don't know very many people who use it anymore.” – Holly H

“I can't believe Yahoo! is even up there. Does anyone even use Yahoo! anymore?" – Justin D

In fact text messaging appears to be the preferred way to connect personally, relegating Facebook to the place to maintain less immediate or personal ties with distant or long ago friends.

“I also text, but only my close friends....my casual friends I message facebook.” – Bree

“Well facebook keeps me updated on their lives, but it doesn't feel very personal. I'm more of a texting person when it comes to that - Kelsey L

“Yeah, I’m with Kelsey. The internet is a tool I'm likely to use to reach old friends or casual acquaintances. People that I don't see on the day-to-day.”- Mike G “I'm also much more connected now with old friends than I ever was before e-mail and now with facebook (which seems to have replaced e-mail as the stay-in-touch-with-friends application.” – Chris S

“If I want to be more connected I call or text.” – Natalie B

While it’s theoretically possible to be ‘too’ closely connected online with friends, in practice Millennials feel they have it under control. Most Millennials say they are as connected online as they want to be -- about a 6 on a 10 point scale. Control appears to underly some of the appeal of Facebook.

“prob a 6, which is where I want to be--we have the choice to be less connected if we want--every once in a while I check out for a week or two and go on a subconscious Facebook fast and read a book or two.” – Dan S

“A 5 - not too connected, except with some who have bad facebook habits but I can turn their exposure down if I want.” - Chris S

“Yeah, I think online can keep you disconnected sometimes. It lets you keep a "safe distance" that's not there if you have to pick up the phone. – Mike G

“It's fine because I can set the terms.”- Scott K

Dead Letters: Email Marketing to Millennials

I receive and send hundreds of emails a day and use four different email accounts to keep my personal, professor, business and consumer identities separate. In generational terms, I am a digital Neanderthal. The average high school or college student uses 2.4 emails a day according to eROI. Students, on average, read marketing emails on a "rarely to never" basis, with 61% falling into this category, says the report. Only 16% are reading marketing emails on a frequent basis, while 66% of students rarely or never take action on marketing emails.

I completely change my habits when communicating with Millennials. To reach my daughter and son quickly, text is the only way to go. My teaching assistants? Facebook messages. I once sent my TA's Amazon gift certificates to their email address. It took a suggestion to their Facebook account to look for it before they even noticed.

So what are those two emails a day about? According to eROI, it's probably got something to do with their parents. 81% got an email address for communicating with family. Students are now using email primarily to sign up for social networking sites (25%) and receive email alerts (36%) to keep up to date on what's happening on their social networks. What's clear is that email for marketing to this generation is dying, dead and buried. And who can blame them, with Cisco's latest Annual Security Report showing that 90% of email is spam.

New research among Millennials from Pace University says there may be a way to make email marketing more relevant by making it more like, well, social media.

The study of Generation Y consumers - also known as Millennials, finds that this age group would potentially welcome direct brand interactions through email, but wants more ability to control, organize and manage the interactions. Gen Y consumers are eager to see “innovative services” that allow them to better control, organize and manage email coming from brands. 78% would like their email client to automatically categorize and delete expired promotional messages. 62% would like communicate directly with retailers about their favorite products in exchange for getting the best prices from them. 44% say they’d subscribe to an email service that collected and summarized multiple offers of interest to them. 32% say they’d share promotional email offers with members inside a social network and open emails from others."

Personally, I wonder if email is the right place for 'organizing brand interactions'. Social media seems more flexible and has more sharing potential. The Pace research seems to confirm this may be more appropriate, with 51% of Gen Y respondents saying they’d "join a separate social network dedicated to managing brand interactions." This sounds like a major opportunity for marketers. Anyone listening?

Gen Y to Bosses: You Just Don't Understand

In the Odyssey, Odysseus' talented but immature son, Telemachus, benefits from the advice of a series of mentors, including Athena herself. Great coaching prepares him for the day when Odysseus finally returns to exact revenge on the despicable 'suitors' and reclaim his kingdom.

Three millennia later, modern day Telemachuses, aka, the Millennials, are wondering 'where are our mentors'?

Last September, we conducted online focus groups among professionally-employed Millennials to see the workplace through their eyes. Among other things, they told us they were deeply unhappy with their bosses. They want more -- more responsibility, more say in decisions, more recognition of their abilities, more mentoring. They crave appreciation, but their bosses 'don't get it', and don't give it. (Listen Up! What Millennials wish they could tell their bosses.)

We don't need focus groups among Gen X or Boomer managers to know what they think of Millennials in the workplace. In May 2008, there was a very negative 60 Minutes segment, "The Millennials Are Coming". Now we are further enlightened by the Harvard Business Review's featured case, "How I learned to love millennials (and stop worrying about what they were doing with their iPhones)". Each month, HBR describes a fictional situation and asks management experts to provide advice to the protagonists. February's case features Gen X Sarah, new mother of a 4-month old baby, marketing manager for a major film studio and boss to twenty-something, Josh. Josh is brimming with ideas Sarah finds impractical and consequently doesn't champion. Josh is frustrated. Now it's crunch time, and Josh has neglected his regular work analyzing distribution spreadsheets and creating reports in order to devote time to developing his new ideas. Here's the pivotal moment:

Now, Sarah was staring anxiously at the envelope icon in the bottom-right corner of her screen: Where were the numbers she'd asked Josh to generate? Sarah just couldn't afford to stay at the office tonight; every minute she was late to pick up four-month-old Rosie from day care was costing her (financially and psychically), and she had already logged plenty of overtime this week. Sarah was ready to alert her husband that he'd have to handle the pickup, when the Outlook message popped up: "You have new unopened items." It was close to 5:30 PM when Josh's report arrived, and the last couple of case studies looked pretty sketchy, as if he'd thrown them together quickly. But there wasn't enough time to send them back for revision, Sarah decided. She'd work on them further in the morning. Sarah quickly dropped the numbers into her slide deck and was about to log off when she spotted the bright pink "coaching" sticky note slapped on the side of her monitor. A few months ago she and the other frontline managers had gone through a special HR-facilitated training session about integrating the newer, younger hires into the company. "Invest the time," the managers were told. But what many of them heard was "Sugarcoat." Sarah quickly dashed off an e-mail to Josh. "Great job! You're the best." Who was she kidding? He'd done a half-assed job, and he knew it. Like so many of the young people hired by the studio recently, Sarah thought, Josh was far more concerned with getting praise than with earning praise. How else to explain that "look at me" move in the team meeting a few weeks back?

Later, unbeknownst to Sarah, Josh pitches his ideas to her boss in an impromptu elevator speech. The boss is so impressed, he asks Sarah to tell him more. Sarah has her issues, too, but who do you think the reader is siding with in this epic? That's bad enough, but the response of the three HBR 'experts' is even more revealing of Boomer perceptions of Millennials.

Ron Alsop, author of The Trophy Kids Grow Up: How the Millennial Generation Is Shaking Up the Workplace : Like many Gen Yers, Josh doesn't respect the corporate pecking order. His generation has little tolerance for lines of authority and proper protocol. Some corporate managers even call college-age job applicants "student stalkers" because they fire off e-mails to everyone from the CEO on down to try to get the inside track to a job.

Jim Miller, executive vice president of sales and marketing at General Tool & Supply:I'm afraid Josh isn't doing much here to disprove the theories that some people have about Generation Y: a life experienced through machines, no respect for what's gone before, and a constant need for praise, entertainment, and instant gratification.Josh's behavior is wrong on so many levels. He's been hired to do a job, not this other thing that he'd like to do. He has no respect for his boss; that's apparent in his actions. But he is also putting his team's work in jeopardy by not completing, to the very best of his ability, the tasks he was assigned. That's unacceptable.

Millennials strongly relate to Josh, saying this situation happens 'all the time'. One has gone so far as to post an anonymous reply to the article on Google Docs, saying, "It's not the case study that bothered me but the managers' comments. I was shocked to hear the other side of a common scenario." The response is titled, 'An Open Letter to Boomers':

After reading the business case in the Feb 09 Harvard Business Review, I started to see really how big this whole Gen-Y thing is. I underestimated the degree to which I myself was underestimated and disrespected as a Gen-Y and was actually offended by the way we are viewed. It seems managers claim they are seeking out how to deal with this generation of unruly and tech-savvy professionals but really they just want us to shut up, put the cell phone down and keep doing things their way.

In our defense, I thought it might be useful for the last of you Boomers and even some of the older Gen-Xers (like Sarah in the case study) to understand how we see you. I hope you consider this before dismissing us as "kids these days". This document was written on my iPhone, edited on Google docs, and syndicated anonymously via Twitter. I found that the generation gap is much bigger than even we YouTubers thought and even the fact I have to publish this blog anonymously is a testament to how differently we see the world.

For the other side of the argument, see the Harvard Business Review. For advice on how to mentor Millennial like Athena, the third HBR commenter, Pamela Nicholson, President and COO, Enterprise Rent-A-Car offers sound advice:

"Sarah doesn't have time to get angry. She needs to familiarize herself with Josh's idea and make sure all the supporting data are there. Given the CEO's enthusiasm for Josh's marketing proposal, I think Sarah should actually commend, rather than criticize, her young report for taking initiative. She should invite Josh to accompany her to the meeting. But she should remind him that he needs to keep her informed so she can manage the details of the project and the expectations of the CEO."

I wholeheartedly agree. For more mentoring advice from our Millennials research see an earlier blog post, " You're Doing Great! Keeping Millennials Happy at Work."

Social Media: Why Twitter Matters to Marketers

One of my Twitter buddies, Stuart Robertson (aka 'designmeme'), tweeted me this bit of wisdom yesterday:

@carol_phillips Facebook is the backyard BBQ, Twitter is the Convention, MySpace is the NightClub, LinkedIN is the Job Finding Club. :)

I promptly 'retweeted' his idea to my 179 'followers'. That ended an exchange that started like this yesterday morning:

designmeme: How To Turn Twitter Followers Into Friends http://tr.im/gQmg

carol_phillips: @designmeme Not sure I want followers as 'friends'. That's what I have Facebook for. Twitter brings me acquaintances with common interests.

This exchange illustrates what I have discovered to be Twitter's primary attraction, which is to have "conversations" with people you would otherwise never meet. designmeme is on the faculty and web manager for University of Guelph-Humber. We are unlikely to have met anywhere other than cyberspace. We don't care about what each of us had for lunch or even want to know any details of each other's lives. I didn't even know or care what his real name was until I started writing this post. But I like what Stuart has to say, and I must have said something that caught his attention, as well. And this is precisely the reason I think Twitter will be more important than Facebook: Twitter is not about friends, it's about strangers.

The first lesson I learned about Twitter is to refrain from answering the prompt,what you are doing? No one, outside of those who love you, cares two tweets about what you are doing. But acquaintances and your larger network just might care about what you are reading, thinking and talking about. And that's where Twitter comes in. Twitter is about ideas; you don't need to be 'friends' to want to share ideas. In that sense, designmeme is right, Twitter is a convention, a virtual watercooler where interesting conversations are happening day and night. The conversations are easy to find and make little demands. You can just listen, or you can chime in.

In contrast, Facebook is the backyard BBQ. You can't stand silent on Facebook you have to participate; Facebook is where you connect with people you know and like, aka, your friends. The in-house sociologist at Facebook, Cameron Marlow, revealed that most users actually communicate with a relatively small circle of friends. While many people have hundreds friends on Facebook, they still only actively communicate with a few.

The average male Facebook user with 120 friends: Leaves comments on 7 friends’ photos, status updates, or wall Messages or chats with 4 friends

The average female Facebook user with 120 friends: Leaves comments on 10 friends’ photos, status updates, or wall Messages or chats with 6 friends

The average male Facebook user with 500 friends: Leaves comments on 17 friends’ photos, status updates, or wall Messages or chats with 10 friends

The average female Facebook user with 500 friends: Leaves comments on 26 friends’ photos, status updates, or wall Messages or chats with 16 friends

I prefer Twitter to Facebook because I have other ways to connect with friends.

Most Millennials I know have yet to use Twitter. They prefer to talk to their friends online and Facebook is perfectly designed to do just that.It therefore comes as no surprise that the average Twitter user (Twitterer?) is older than the average Facebook user.

Which brings me to my point (yes, I have one): While they are lumped together as 'social media', LinkedIN, Facebook, Twitter and Myspace are fundamentally different in ways that will be increasingly important for marketers to understand.

Because Facebook is intimate, it is inherently unfriendly to commercialization and marketers will continue to struggle to find a way to leverage it effectively. (The exception will be 'events, such as Starbucks 'Red' event in December. Advertising a specific event (party) on a specific day makes perfect sense.) Because Twitter is about anonymity and connecting with people you don't know very well, it is inherently much more friendly to breaking news, self-promotional messages, causes and ideas. I predict Twitter will surpass Facebook fairly quickly as a marketing medium.

Marketers: Start your tweeters.

Millennials Seek Government Jobs

My 15-year old son recently informed me he is considering becoming a diplomat. He is right on trend. When times are tough, the government may be the job of first, rather than last, resort.

Last year, every single branch of the U.S. armed forces from Marines to National Guard hit or exceeded its recruiting goals. Now Yahoo reports that the hottest recruiting sessions at MBA schools are those sponsored by the government (MBA's: Uncle Sam Wants You , 2.18.09).

Career services directors predict that government and nonprofit hiring will increase this year, though it's too early to say by how much. According to recently released data from the Career Services Council, 35% of schools reported an increase in recruiting activity for government and 12% reported an increase in the nonprofit sector, even as overall recruiting activity was level or down at 75% of schools.

The Federal job site, USAjobs.gov lists 39,500 jobs. A search for 'marketing chicago' yielded nearly 468 results, many of which pay $67K or more. While government and non-profit jobs may lack glamour or high salaries, they offer two things of value to Millennials: steady employment and the opportunity to make a difference. The yearning to make a difference in their job, not just volunteer work is a theme we hear repeatedly in our focus groups with young working Millennials. In an ideal world they would forgo the money for the chance to make an impact. Here's a sample exchange from a group last summer:

Moderator: What is your IDEAL career?

Mike G: I want to be a Fireman, but I can't benchpress enough.

Mary A: I would want a career where i made a real difference in someones life. Working for non profit maybe The barrier for me is experience in that area and a degree in non profit.

Mike G: Kidding.

Katie H: haha mike.. eventually i want to go non-profit but I want to get good business experience now to make the most of that job.

Mike G: The truth is almost just as silly. I work professionally as an actor, but it's very difficult to devote myself full-time to it because I've got to eat and pay rent. In an ideal world, I'd perform and not have to worry about money.

Moderator: Do you all think a nonprofit is the best way to make a difference? or can you see yourself making a difference in the world through a corporation?

Katie H: i don't think its the only way but its the way I want to do it

John C: The barrier to obtaining it is the need for a large income to provide for a family.

Katie H: there are many corporations that do a lot to make a difference.

Mike G: The last company I worked for went down to New Orleans to help with the Katrina clean-up effort.I know people really enjoyed that.

Katie H: the company i work for now does a lot with Habitat Moderator Carolyn: do you see a trade off between making a difference in the world and making a lot of money?

John C: Yes. Plenty of non-for-profits that would be fun to work for that make a difference but you can't earn the same there.

Mary A: I lead the company in a fund raiser for a battered women's shelter, something small but makes a difference.

Mike G: In fairness, taking time out to do some good -- while great -- is a lot different than being in a career where each and every day you're supporting a cause or a purpose you believe in.

Justin D: Making a ton of money should not go hand in hand with making a difference, most of the time.

With the choice increasingly between a job that makes a difference and no job, it's not a surprise that Millennials may be turning their attention to what they perceive as 'worthy' pursuits.

Millennials Asked to Consider Marriage

In first century Rome, a lex julia de maritandis ordinibus aimed to addressed the low birthrate in the upper classes. The legislation set penalities for bachelors and childless couples, mainly limiting their right to inheritance under wills. After divorce or widowhood, women were expected to remarry within a fixed time. A father of one child was allowed to stand for public office one year earlier than the stipulated age. Siring children exempted a man from certain legal duties. Whether or not these measures were effective or not is unknown, but the combination of carrot and stick may have done the trick. The Roman empire didn't die out for lack of citizens, at least not for many centuries.

In an eerie, two-Millennia historical echo, USA Today reported yesterday that the U.S. Federal government is funding a 4-year, $5 million dollar, multi-media and social networking campaign aimed at encouraging marriage among Millennials. While this effort doesn't include penalties for remaining single, it does attempt to point out the benefits of marriage to a generation that lacks good marital role models and is delaying marriage.

"The average age at first marriage is now almost 26 for women and 28 for men. And a growing percentage of Americans aren't marrying at all. Provisional federal statistics released Tuesday report 7.1 marriages per 1,000 people in 2008, down from 10 per 1,000 in 1986...."We're not telling people 'Get married' but 'Don't underestimate the benefits of marriage,' " says Paul Amato, a Pennsylvania State University sociologist and adviser to the National Healthy Marriage Resource Center, which is spearheading the campaign. The resource center, a federally funded virtual clearinghouse, works under an agreement with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Administration for Children and Families."

The drop in marriage rates may be a reflection of Millennial attitudes. Research by the youth research company, TRU, was commissioned prior to developing the campaign. They found just 22% of those 18-30 have a strong view of marriage. At the other end of the spectrum 14% express strong sentiments against it. Those in the middle have mostly a 'practical' view of marriage and plan to either wait a while or live with someone before committing.

The campaign will feature a web site (TwoOfUs.org) as well as ads on social networking sites Facebook and MySpace, videos on YouTube, spots on radio talk shows, ads in magazines and public transportation. The goal is to start a national conversation about marriage.

Will it work? Without the carrot and stick of the Roman ordinance, I am not so sure the independent minded-Millennials will listen or care. A quick look at the TwoOfUs.org web site didn't reveal anything you couldn't find about relationships that isn't easily available in any women's magazine. The tone is definitely not hip or cool, a serious handicap to starting a social media conversation. It also is strictly heterosexual, which may be a turnoff to many Millennials who take a broader view of 'marriage'.

However, the Federal effort may get an assist from the First Couple. Andrew Romano wrote a Valentine's Day cover article for Newsweek explaining that his Millennial friends think the Obama's are 'one of the swooniest couples around', akin to what the Twilight couple is to tweens. (Our Model Marriage The Obamas have the kind of relationship millennials aspire to.) According to Romano, Michelle and Barack are the dream couple to Millennials starved for appropriate marital role models.

"My hunch is that millennials are going gaga over Barack and Michelle because they want to be Barack and Michelle. It's not that other generations can't admire the Obamas' bond; their marriage -- a union of self-sufficient equals -- embodies the post-'60s ideal. But unlike their elders, most millennials have yet to experience marriage firsthand, and what they've experienced by proxy hasn't been particularly encouraging: a 50 percent divorce rate, a steep rise in single parenthood, a culture captivated by cheap celebrity hookups. Even America's most visible household hasn't offered much hope, veering from '50s-era subservience (the Reagans) to boomer dysfunction (the Clintons). But now the Obamas – two independent individuals who also appear to be (surprise!) in love – have filled the void. For young people who have rejected the tired "wife in the kitchen" template but resolved not to follow their parents to divorce court, it's a relief to see that the sort of marriage they hope to have – equal and devoted – can actually exist."

Jello & Betty Crocker Get iPhone Apps: Who's Next?

Yes it's true, America's most loved cookbook has gone mobile. A free Betty Crocker iPhone application offers meal suggestions based on what's in your pantry. An even bigger surprise is that the $.99 iFood Assistant from Kraft is one of the 100most popular paid iphone applications. With 19th century brands leading the way, mobile marketing may finally be making some headway.

Mobile marketing is getting a big assist from the iPhone. It's hard to believe but the iPhone won't even celebrate its 2-year birthday until June. That's right, only 18 months old.

On June 30, 2007 Apple sold Apple sold 270,000 iPhones in the first thirty hours, and has gone on to sell another 17 million globally through the end of 2008, helped by rapid introductions of faster speeds, lower prices and new app's. And there's no end in sight. While iPhone accounts for just 30% of the 'smart phone' category, it has left competitors like RIM in the dust. When we talk about apps for 'smart phones', we all know what we're talking about.

Another amazing statistic: Over half a billion iphone app's have been sold since their introduction in July 2008. I did a little digging on what are the most popular. No one will be surprised to learn that among the premium (paid) app's games rule. (Will GameBoys be the next victim of convergence?) Among the free iphone applications, Apple's list released in December includes many games, but also two social networking apps--Facebook and AOL's AIM. It also includes two travel apps, Google Earth and Urbanspoon. The list also features a pair of entertainment apps, Apple's Remote and The MacBox's Lightsaber, along with two music apps, Pandora Radio and Shazam. Time magazine published its list of top 10 most useful app's. These include Around Me, which tells travellers what is of interest nearby, including stores & restaurants, AP's News on Demand, Wikipanion, and Ocarina (turns your phone into a wind instrument).Notable shopping related app's are Save Benji's which provides comparison prices and Yelp, consumer reviews.

For marketers wishing to reach mobile Millennials (is there any other kind?), iPhone app's are a dream come true. iphone app's are:

1) as targeted as search

2) potentially as close-to-the-sale as in-store

3) as trackable as email

4) as interactive as a web site

According to a recent slide share presentation by Marta Kagan of Viximo, iphone users have higher than average discretionary income and iphone app's enjoy a higher than average response rate. Put all that together and branded app's may be the killer app of all time.

The key for marketers is making a branded app that Millennials will use and will also benefit the brand, which is not as easy as it may sound.

I had trouble finding success stories in this space. Zippo's Virtual Lighter is interesting as a novelty but doesn't really offer any functionality or buzz value. Audi's Driving Challenge didn't get good reviews, even in 2.0. Maybe Millennial marketers need to look at those 19th century brands a little closer? Feel free to send me examples of successful BRANDED mobile app's.

Move Over Facebook? Here Comes Zumeo

What happens when you combine Facebook with job search? Zumeo is about to find out.

In past posts, I have speculated Millennials may be fickle about Facebook if they find something better. I am not saying Zumeo is necessarily better, but it fills a need -- jobs and internships -- that Facebook will never be able to address. Most of the Millennials we talk to would never want a prospective employer to see their Facebook page. Many older Gen Y's talk about deleting, or planning to delete, their profiles when the time comes to get serious about their careers.

Unlike Linked IN, Zumeo is all about jobs and it is focused on college students and recent graduates. It takes a social networking approach to creating and posting 'live' resume that can be updated and shared with recruiters, friends or colleagues or even shared with other social networks like Facebook and MySpace. The process includes a self-assessment that matches your resume to prospective employers. The voice and tone of the site is completely Gen Y, describing the frustrations of traditional job search sites and the advantages of Zumeo (discover your strengths, relevant matches) in simple relevant language and videos. There's also a nifty video of CEO Jared explaining the concept.

Unlike Facebook, Zumeo comes with a revenue model. The service is free to users, but recruiters are charged $9 per post and $19 per month for unlimited posts. There is also a free test drive. According to Tech Crunch where I first learned about Zumeo, there are only 500 users so far, but the company has $100 million in venture funding. I expect we'll be hearing more about Zumeo.

A Millennial Picks Best Superbowl Spots

by Marty Predd, 27, guest blogger

Yesterday, the losers. Now for the Super Bowl commercials that actually hit the mark. In no particular order:

1. Doritos: ‘Snow Globe’

If Pepsuber is on the silly side of the silly/cool line, the Doritos Snow Globe spot is surely on the cool side. Perhaps it’s the setting – an office – which in an age of sitcoms like ‘The Office’ seems ripe for the type of ‘this is not my life’ humor to which a Millennial workforce an so easily relate. The crystal ball wielding character is exaggerated, of course, but if you’ve ever worked in an office, you’ve known ‘that’ guy. Much like the Walker Texas Ranger humor discussed in yesterday’s post, this succeeds because crazy as ‘that’ guy actually is, he appears sincere in his own mind. Add a dash of slapstick humor (the coworker throwing the snow globe at his boss below the belt) and you’ve got a relevant and humorous, if unrefined, spot. The icing on the cake is that this ad was crated by a group of Millennials who entered a contest and won $1 million when the spot was named most popular by USA Today’s AdMeter.

2. Monster.com: ‘Moose’

Doritos wasn’t the only one to tap into the well of office-inspired humor. I love this spot for three reasons. First, it’s completely relevant. Office humor would be a winner in any economic climate, but this ad goes beyond slapstick to actually strike a chord of empathy with a workforce that feels particularly overworked and underappreciated. And it manages to do so without coming across as patronizing or insincere. Second, the metaphor of the Moose is golden. In an age where stories of corporate excess in the form of posh spa retreats and global hunting trips abound, what could be a better symbol than a ridiculous stuffed moose? The fact that the cubicle worker is literally left to deal with the unpleasant backside of the situation further underscores the unspoken reality that many workers face daily. Finally, it does this without a spoken word! Timing here is everything; at the very moment the viewer realizes where this commercial is headed and why it’s funny, it’s over. This apt delivery of a visual punch line leaves the viewer chuckling well into the next spot.

3. Denny’s: ‘Diner’

Although I think this ad (or a similar one) aired in the days before the Super Bowl, I enjoyed it just as much on the fifth and six viewings as the first. It’s brilliant because like with Monster’s Moose, neither the punch line nor the sponsor is apparent until just before the spot has ended. Even if you’ve seen it before, you’re likely to be caught off-guard by the apparently serious topic being portrayed. “Did I accidentally switch the channel to The Sopranos”, you wonder? This ‘gotcha’ way of engaging the viewer, combined with the entirely unexpected entrance of the whipped cream dispenser makes this spot a winner, especially for guys.

4. Cheetos: ‘Gossip Girl’

This one made my top five list because it’s one of the more risky attempts I saw on Sunday, and it actually succeeds. I say it’s risky because at first blush, it seems strange for a snack food company to be purposefully relating its product (humorously or otherwise) to bird food. Yet, I think it not only works, but in fact completely fits the personality of a brand like Cheetos, whose animated Cheetah spokesman is known to be as irreverent as the scenario this commercial portrays. Again the humor emerges from a (not-so) exaggerated character that we have all encountered at least in our mind’s eye. The Paris Hilton-esque diva featured in this spot serves essentially the same purpose as Monster’s garish CEO: They’re both painfully out of touch with the average Cheeto-eating American…the kind of person who would dream of, but likely never enact the kind of revenge playing out on the screen. If only for a moment, that revenge becomes a reality, with Cheetos as the vehicle of choice.

5. Hulu: Alec Baldwin

Kudos to Hulu (I still don’t know exactly what they do, but I’m going to go to their site after finishing this entry) for using celebrity talent in a way that actually works. Far too often you see a random celebrity haphazardly inserted into an ad as if they constitute meaningful messages in themselves (see yesterday’s critique of Overstock’s Carlos Boozer ad). Here Hulu has managed to take Alec Baldwin, no stranger to the screen, and actually use his unique brand of wry humor to generate serious buzz about a new product. If not Baldwin, who else could deliver a message PROMOTING a product like Hulu via a mad genius diatribe on how the product is ‘evil’? It’s a pleasure to watch Baldwin work he antics on screen, all the while knowing he’s being so genuinely insincere. It’s this clever, almost profound approach to advertising that makes Hulu.com the next destination of my Web browser.

How Marketers Can Connect With Millennials

I am frequently asked to comment on how Millennials view their lives. To many 'older' people, Millennial lives seem 'complicated'. All those gadgets! The constant connection and 24/7 activity looks exhausting. Aren't they overwhelmed?

After hundreds of online and face-to-face interviews with college students and young professionals over the past six months, I can confidently say that 'complicated' is not how Millennials describe themselves.

Gen Y says their biggest challenge is 'busy-ness', the sheer volume of things they want and need to do. There simply isn't enough time to do it all. As a result, they see their lives as 'hectic', 'exciting', 'dynamic' and 'fun'. However, busy-ness also is the main barrier to achieving things that are really important to them, like staying in touch with old friends, making new friends and finding time to lead a 'balanced' life. Here is a sample of how they think of their lives and challenges:

Moderator: Now tell us what 3 words best describe your life right now..I know this might sound weird - but just say whatever comes to mind!

Jessica S: hectic, exciting, perfect Jason J: Dynamic, Fun, Anxious Doug: Fun, Non-Stop and Dynamic Lindsay J: busy, uncertain, overwhelming Alex S: interesting, action-packed, dynamic where action-packed = busy John C: Transition, Stress, Excitement Mary A: exciting, fun,hard Justin D: Margarine, content, excited. Katie H: busy, fun, happy Mike G: Three words that describe my life: dynamic, in-flux and wandering.

Moderator: a lot of you said "busy" - what are you mostly busy with?

Lindsay J: work, social, personal (moving) Jessica S: everything - work is busy and family life is busy - that makes for a feeling of going non-stop - I"m also moving and getting married Doug: Busy would entail for me...work (travel, responsibilities) and social life

Moderator: a lot of you said "exciting" - what makes your life exciting?

Mary A: new experiences everyday Katie H: constantly running around John C: just having a lot of fun and not sure what is coming next but it all is pretty fun and new.

Moderator: what makes your life hard or stressful?

Katie H: work and personal, wanting and trying to be in too many places all the time Mary A: meeting new people at both places and making connections John C: life is stressful because of trying to balance success at work with having a personal life. Work is also stressful because it seems to never end.

While finding time and achieving 'balance' is their biggest challenge, Millennials tell us they experience three other sources of stress:

1. Creating Meaning. Millennials yearn to make a difference. Many find it hard to do this in their work lives, so they search for ways to make a difference outside of work through volunteer work.

2. Making New Friends. Surprisingly, many post-college age Millennials say it is tough to meet new people and form meaningful friendships.

3. Meeting (High) Personal Expectations: Millennials are their own harshest critics. They are accustomed to achieving their goals, and often feel discouraged with their jobs when they don't get the responsibility or career progress they think they are capable of.

Marketers who demonstrate an understanding and sympathy for these stressors will find it easier to engage Millennials. Brands that help them ease or resolve their challenges will earn customers for life.

You're Doing Great! Keeping Millennials Happy at Work

On Wednesday I gave a speech on Millennials to an audience of advertising professionals and students in McAllen, TX in the Rio Grande Valley. The topic that sparked the most conversation by far was intergenerational conflict in the workplace. Younger and older audience members both nodded in enthusiastic agreement when I described Millennials as less time-bound, needing more feedback, more flexibility and more frequent rewards. But they disagreed on whether or not this was something the workplace was really ready -- or willing -- to provide.

As a parent and a college professor, I can offer some perspective on why young people come to the workplace with such different expectations. High school learning, and grades, are based on highly structured learning approaches. Educators call this 'duality' -- a student's job is to learn what teachers know. It's about getting the 'right' answer in the right format. Think of students as teacups with teachers pouring the tea and you will understand duality. One of the earliest transitions college students need to make is to a more 'relativistic' learning approach, where students collaborate more in the learning experience and there is less clarity about one right answer or format. I have often watched students struggle when I am unable to tell them there is a right answer, and right number of pages for their essay, a correct format. The final phase is 'commitment' - they understand that some answers are more right than others but it is important to remain open to other possibilities. Being sure is a sure sign you are probably not on sure ground. By the time they get to the workplace, Millennials are masters of all three modes of learning. They are good at figuring out the rules so they can get it right (dualistic) but also sense that they may have a righter answer than their boss.

So what does that mean for bridging the generation gap at work? There is a lot written on this very topic and I won't reiterate it here. But the heart of it all is structure and feedback. Millennials want to know what it takes to be successful, and where they stand at all times. Detailed guidance on job performance standards with frequent helpings of feedback along the way -- not just in a 6 month review -- are the surest way to keep Gen Y workers happy. The Wall Street Journal, "Employers Rethink How They Give Feedback", Oct 13, reports:

"In a recent survey, 65% of "Generation Y" workers at Ernst & Young said "providing detailed guidance in daily work" was moderately or extremely important, compared with 39% of Baby Boomers. An overwhelming 85% of Gen Y employees said their age-group peers want "frequent and candid performance feedback," while only half of Boomers agreed.There's a difference between the generations in how to provide feedback," says Ben Rosen, a professor of organizational behavior/strategy at the University of North Carolina who worked on E&Y's survey. "Gen Y wanted a lot of feedback -- from their immediate bosses and anyone else." These younger workers "grew up where everyone gets a trophy," Mr. Rosen says. Managers say younger workers don't mind criticism, as long as they hear something. "I've never had any trouble giving feedback to Gen Y folks," says Billie Williamson, a partner who oversees diversity and inclusiveness efforts for E&Y."

The article describes how E&Y is adapting to this need for feedback:

Ernst & Young LLP a few years ago launched an online "Feedback Zone," where employees can request or submit feedback at any time. The system prompts employees twice a year to request feedback. The accounting and consulting firm assigns every employee a mentor and offers training for supervisors who routinely give feedback. Lisa Nussbaum, 23, frequently requests feedback and advice from managers and colleagues. Ms. Nussbaum, an associate project manager in E&Y's New York office, confers weekly with her career counselor about her schedule and to request feedback.She says the frequent discussions prompt others to make suggestions. One colleague suggested Ms. Nussbaum try to improve her writing skills. Ms. Nussbaum enrolled in a business-writing course. Six months later, she says, the colleague remarked that her writing had improved."

According to the article, International Business Machines Corp. and Accenture also now offer training to hone managers' critiquing skills. Feedback has always been an important managerial tool. With Millennials, it may be critical.